A Bone Mineral Density (BMD) test is a diagnostic procedure used to assess bone density and strength. It is the primary method for diagnosing osteoporosis and evaluating the risk of fractures.
The most common method used is DXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), which involves low-dose X-rays to measure bone density.
How It Works
– Low-dose radiation passes through the bones.
– The machine calculates how much radiation is absorbed by the bones and compares it to normal values.
– The measurement is typically performed on the:
- Femur (hip bone)
- Lumbar spine (lower spine)
Why Bone Mineral Density Testing is Important?
Detects osteopenia and osteoporosis at an early stage.
Helps prevent fractures and complications.
Assesses the effectiveness of osteoporosis treatment.
A BMD test is recommended for individuals with:
Women
Bone density measurement is highly recommended for individuals at increased risk of osteoporosis. This category includes postmenopausal women over the age of 65.
Men
Bone density measurement is recommended for men over the age of 70, as the risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures increases in this age group.
Women and men with risk factors for osteoporosis, such as:
Bone density measurement is also recommended for women and men who present risk factors for the development of osteoporosis. Such factors include low body weight, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, a sedentary lifestyle, long-term use of corticosteroids, rheumatoid arthritis, and a family history of osteoporosis. Early identification of these risk factors can lead to preventive measures and timely therapeutic intervention.
Individuals with a history of fractures
Bone density measurement is also recommended for individuals who have experienced fractures resulting from low-impact trauma, such as a fall from standing height. Such fractures may be an indication of reduced bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis, making it necessary to investigate and address the condition in a timely manner.
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